Classroom Action Research & Research and Development

Teachers, todays should be aware that they have multi-tasks not only as teachers but also as ‘researcher’ in the sense that they will investigate their own classes. Thus, teachers may implement Classroom Action Research (CAR) and Research and Development (RD).

1.      Classroom Action Research

CAR is conducted by or in cooperation with teachers for the purpose of gaining a better understanding of their educational environment and improving the effectiveness of their teaching.

There are some steps in designing CAR. Kemis and McTaggart mention four broad phases in a cycle of research. The first cycle may become a continuing, or iterative, spiral of cycles which recur until the action

Researcher has achieved a satisfactory outcome and feels it is time to stop.

1.      Planning

Assumption and Hypothesis

After stating the research problems, a researcher will define a hypothesis. The statement of a hypothesis becomes important in quantitative problem as it asks about the relationship between two or more variables. Statement of research problem usually provides only general information, thus a good hypothesis will lead to more specific information. There are some terms and features in stating a good hypothesis that will be discussed further and also some examples on hypothesis.

               Meanwhile, assumption is somewhat taken for granted exist when a researcher states the hypothesis. For example, when a researcher asks ‘can I see you tomorrow?’ of course she or he assumes that there is a tomorrow. 

Review of Related Literature

Everybody has been understood that a research can be gone further for the sake of expanding of knowledge after it is related to the previous study. In other words, a researcher has to trace back the knowledge through reading to certain literatures. The discussion of having review of related literature becomes crucial in a research and understanding about plagiarism is another strand of it.